Towards other energy sources #
An energy transition is a major, structural change in energy consumption and generation in an economy. Typically, new energy sources are identified an developed and new consumption patterns emerge. Often, an energy transition is also accompanied by technological innovations. The transition often requires substantial investments in infrastructure, research, and policy changes to facilitate the adoption of new technologies. Furthermore, it can lead to a redistribution of jobs and capital, as well as changes in global energy markets and the geopolitical landscape.
Past events #
Past events include the transition from biomass to coal in Europe starting in the late 18th century. This transition ultimately marked the begin of the industrial revolution. The same developments have repeated in North America. For example, in 1825, the majority of energy used in the United States came from wood and manual labor. By 1900, coal had become the dominant energy source, accounting for over 70% of the nation’s primary energy consumption. However, some scholars contend that humanity has not truly undergone a complete energy transition. See, for example, here. Instead, they argue that we’ve experienced a series of “energy additions.” New energy sources have emerged and have been utilized without significantly reducing the use of existing ones. This perspective suggests that rather than fully replacing older energy sources, we have simply expanded our energy portfolio over time.
Happening now – the renewable energy transition #
Today, we are witnessing the onset of another significant shift in energy generation—the transition to renewable energy. The contribution of photovoltaic (PV) and wind power is rapidly increasing, although it remains relatively modest at present. This change is driven by several factors, including the growing concerns over the impacts of anthropogenic global warming, the potential depletion of easily accessible fossil fuel sources, and the decreasing costs of renewable energy technologies. A major challenge in this transition is the intermittency of renewable energy sources. To address this limitation, various technologies are being developed. Their objective is to enhance the reliability and integration of renewable energy into the grid.
The role of hydrogen in the renewable energy transition #
Hydrogen, as a clean and versatile energy carrier, plays a crucial role in this shift. The process of hydrogen production, primarily through water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources, enables storing excess energy produced during peak generation times. If hydrogen is produced at large scale, it may ensure a steady and reliable energy supply, even when the sun isn’t shining or the wind isn’t blowing.
The energetic transition, particularly through hydrogen technologies, is pivotal for achieving a sustainable energy future. It not only addresses the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also promotes energy diversity and resilience.
